AlertDialog(对话框)详解

本节继续给大家带来是显示提示信息的第三个控件AlertDialog(对话框),同时它也是其他Dialog的的父类!比如ProgressDialog,TimePickerDialog等,而AlertDialog的父类是:Dialog!另外,不像前面学习的Toast和Notification,AlertDialog并不能直接new出来,如果你打开AlertDialog的源码,会发现构造方法是protected的,如果我们要创建AlertDialog的话,我们需要使用到该类中的一个静态内部类:public static class Builder,然后来调用AlertDialog里的相关方法,来对AlertDialog进行定制,最后调用show()方法来显示我们的AlertDialog对话框!

1.基本使用流程

Step 1:创建AlertDialog.Builder对象;

Step 2:调用setIcon()设置图标,setTitle()或setCustomTitle()设置标题;

Step 3:设置对话框的内容:setMessage()还有其他方法来指定显示的内容;

Step 4:调用setPositive/Negative/NeutralButton()设置:确定,取消,中立按钮;

Step 5:调用create()方法创建这个对象,再调用show()方法将对话框显示出来;

2.几种常用的对话框使用示例

运行效果图:

核心代码:

MainActivity.java:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

private Button btn_dialog_one;

private Button btn_dialog_two;

private Button btn_dialog_three;

private Button btn_dialog_four;

private Context mContext;

private boolean[] checkItems;

private AlertDialog alert = null;

private AlertDialog.Builder builder = null;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

mContext = MainActivity.this;

bindView();

}

private void bindView() {

btn_dialog_one = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_dialog_one);

btn_dialog_two = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_dialog_two);

btn_dialog_three = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_dialog_three);

btn_dialog_four = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_dialog_four);

btn_dialog_one.setOnClickListener(this);

btn_dialog_two.setOnClickListener(this);

btn_dialog_three.setOnClickListener(this);

btn_dialog_four.setOnClickListener(this);

}

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

switch (v.getId()) {

//普通对话框

case R.id.btn_dialog_one:

alert = null;

builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);

alert = builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_icon_fish)

.setTitle("系统提示:")

.setMessage("这是一个最普通的AlertDialog,\n带有三个按钮,分别是取消,中立和确定")

.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

Toast.makeText(mContext, "你点击了取消按钮~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

})

.setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

Toast.makeText(mContext, "你点击了确定按钮~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

})

.setNeutralButton("中立", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

Toast.makeText(mContext, "你点击了中立按钮~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

}).create(); //创建AlertDialog对象

alert.show(); //显示对话框

break;

//普通列表对话框

case R.id.btn_dialog_two:

final String[] lesson = new String[]{"语文", "数学", "英语", "化学", "生物", "物理", "体育"};

alert = null;

builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);

alert = builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_icon_fish)

.setTitle("选择你喜欢的课程")

.setItems(lesson, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "你选择了" + lesson[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

}).create();

alert.show();

break;

//单选列表对话框

case R.id.btn_dialog_three:

final String[] fruits = new String[]{"苹果", "雪梨", "香蕉", "葡萄", "西瓜"};

alert = null;

builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);

alert = builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_icon_fish)

.setTitle("选择你喜欢的水果,只能选一个哦~")

.setSingleChoiceItems(fruits, 0, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "你选择了" + fruits[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

}).create();

alert.show();

break;

//多选列表对话框

case R.id.btn_dialog_four:

final String[] menu = new String[]{"水煮豆腐", "萝卜牛腩", "酱油鸡", "胡椒猪肚鸡"};

//定义一个用来记录个列表项状态的boolean数组

checkItems = new boolean[]{false, false, false, false};

alert = null;

builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);

alert = builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_icon_fish)

.setMultiChoiceItems(menu, checkItems, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {

checkItems[which] = isChecked;

}

})

.setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

String result = "";

for (int i = 0; i < checkItems.length; i++) {

if (checkItems[i])

result += menu[i] + " ";

}

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "客官你点了:" + result, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

})

.create();

alert.show();

break;

}

}

}

布局就是四个简单的按钮,这里就不贴出来了,用法非常简单~无非就是创建一个Builder对象后,进行相关设置,然后create()生成一个AlertDialog对象,最后调用show()方法将AlertDialog显示出来而已!另外,细心的你可能发现我们点击对话框的外部区域,对话框就会消失,我们可以为builder设置setCancelable(false)即可解决这个问题!

3.通过Builder的setView()定制显示的AlertDialog

我们可以自定义一个与系统对话框不同的布局,然后调用setView()将我们的布局加载到AlertDialog上,上面我们来实现这个效果:

运行效果图:

关键代码:

首先是两种不同按钮的selctor的drawable文件:

btn_selctor_exit.xml:

btn_selctor_choose.xml:

接着是自定义的Dialog布局:view_dialog_custom.xml:

android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout1"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:orientation="vertical">

android:id="@+id/titlelayout"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"

android:layout_alignParentTop="true"

android:background="#53CC66"

android:padding="5dp">

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_centerVertical="true"

android:text="提示信息"

android:textColor="#ffffff"

android:textSize="18sp"

android:textStyle="bold" />

android:id="@+id/btn_cancle"

android:layout_width="30dp"

android:layout_height="30dp"

android:layout_alignParentRight="true"

android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor_exit" />

android:id="@+id/ly_detail"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"

android:layout_below="@+id/titlelayout"

android:layout_centerInParent="true"

android:orientation="vertical">

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"

android:layout_marginTop="20dp"

android:text="通过setView()方法定制AlertDialog"

android:textColor="#04AEDA"

android:textSize="18sp" />

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"

android:layout_marginTop="10dp"

android:text="作者:Coder-pig"

android:textColor="#04AEDA"

android:textSize="18sp" />

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_below="@+id/ly_detail"

android:layout_marginTop="10dp"

android:orientation="horizontal">

android:id="@+id/btn_blog"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="40dp"

android:layout_margin="5dp"

android:layout_weight="1"

android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor_choose"

android:text="访问博客"

android:textColor="#ffffff"

android:textSize="20sp" />

android:id="@+id/btn_close"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="40dp"

android:layout_margin="5dp"

android:layout_weight="1"

android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor_choose"

android:text="关闭"

android:textColor="#ffffff"

android:textSize="20sp" />

最后是MainActivity.java:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private Button btn_show;

private View view_custom;

private Context mContext;

private AlertDialog alert = null;

private AlertDialog.Builder builder = null;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

mContext = MainActivity.this;

btn_show = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_show);

//初始化Builder

builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);

//加载自定义的那个View,同时设置下

final LayoutInflater inflater = MainActivity.this.getLayoutInflater();

view_custom = inflater.inflate(R.layout.view_dialog_custom, null,false);

builder.setView(view_custom);

builder.setCancelable(false);

alert = builder.create();

view_custom.findViewById(R.id.btn_cancle).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

alert.dismiss();

}

});

view_custom.findViewById(R.id.btn_blog).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "访问博客", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://blog.csdn.net/coder_pig");

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);

startActivity(intent);

alert.dismiss();

}

});

view_custom.findViewById(R.id.btn_close).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "对话框已关闭~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

alert.dismiss();

}

});

btn_show.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

alert.show();

}

});

}

}